المدخل الفعلي
- Content and objectives
- Objective: distinguish correlation from causation and identify a plausible confounder. Correlation means variables vary together; causation needs evidence that changing one produces change in the other; a confounder relates to both. Observation alone does not establish causation.
- Learner evidence
- Adult introductory class. Several learners say strong correlation proves causation. Plain language; no calculation.
- Delivery constraints
- Four questions in 6 minutes using individual cards, then immediate feedback. Include one multiple choice and one transfer item.







